(DOWNLOAD) "Clever Hans" by Oskar Pfungst * Book PDF Kindle ePub Free
eBook details
- Title: Clever Hans
- Author : Oskar Pfungst
- Release Date : January 01, 1933
- Genre: Psychology,Books,Health, Mind & Body,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 372 KB
Description
A contribution to experimental animal and human psychologyClever Hans (in German, der Kluge Hans) was an Orlov Trotter horse that was claimed to have been able to perform arithmetic and other intellectual tasks. Pfungst was asked to investigate the horse known as Clever Hans, who could apparently solved a wide array of arithmetic problems set to it by its owner. After formal investigation in 1907, Pfungst demonstrated that the horse was not actually performing intellectual tasks, but was watching the reaction of his human observers. Pfungst discovered this artifact in the research methodology, wherein the horse was responding directly to involuntary clues in the body language of the human trainer, who had the faculties to solve each problem. The trainer was entirely unaware that he was providing such cues.
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